World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Australia vs Japan: population pyramids in 2023

2023Swap

AustraliaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Australia and Japan compared

In 2023, Australia has a population of 26.3 million and Japan 124.6 million; Japan is about 4.7 times the size of Australia.

The share aged 65 and over is 17.2% in Australia and 29.4% in Japan, 12.2 points higher in Japan. The median age is 38.6 years in Australia and 49.7 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.64 in Australia and 1.21 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 83.9 years in Australia and 84.7 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Australia is projected to grow by 23.0% and that of Japan to shrink by 15.7% compared with 2023.

GDP per person is $65K in Australia (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (2023)

AustraliaJapan
Population26.3 million124.6 million
Aged 0–1418.1%11.8%
Aged 15–6464.7%58.8%
Aged 65+17.2%29.4%
Median age38.6 yrs49.7 yrs
Old-age dependency26.649.9
Total fertility rate1.641.21
Life expectancy83.9 yrs84.7 yrs
Population growth+0.99%-0.48%
Net migration (per year)+140,232+175,003
GDP$1.8T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$65K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.1% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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