Nigeria vs Ethiopia: population pyramids in 2023
NigeriaEthiopia
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Nigeria and Ethiopia compared
In 2023, Nigeria has a population of 225.5 million and Ethiopia 127 million; Nigeria is about 1.8 times the size of Ethiopia.
The share aged 65 and over is 3.0% in Nigeria and 3.1% in Ethiopia, almost the same. The median age is 18.7 years in Nigeria and 19.6 years in Ethiopia.
The total fertility rate is 4.48 in Nigeria and 3.99 in Ethiopia, both above the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 54.5 years in Nigeria and 67.3 years in Ethiopia.
By 2050, the population of Nigeria is projected to grow by 58.3% and that of Ethiopia to grow by 75.7% compared with 2023.
GDP per person is $1,224 in Nigeria (2025) and $933 in Ethiopia (2025).
Key figures (2023)
| Nigeria | Ethiopia | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 225.5 million | 127 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 41.7% | 39.5% |
| Aged 15–64 | 55.3% | 57.3% |
| Aged 65+ | 3.0% | 3.1% |
| Median age | 18.7 yrs | 19.6 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Total fertility rate | 4.48 | 3.99 |
| Life expectancy | 54.5 yrs | 67.3 yrs |
| Population growth | +2.10% | +2.59% |
| Net migration (per year) | -57,936 | -11,996 |
| GDP | $291B (2025) | $126B (2025) |
| GDP per person | $1,224 (2025) | $933 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 3.1% (2025) | 3.3% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.