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Canada population pyramid 1978

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Estimate

Population pyramid

Population
23.9 million
Aged 0–14
24.4%
Aged 15–64
66.7%
Aged 65+
8.9%
Median age
28.2 yrs
Old-age dependency
13.3
Sex ratio M per 100 F
99.6
400K300K200K100K0100K200K300K400K0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Bars show the population at each single year of age (men left, women right). The axis is fixed across 1950–2100 so years can be compared. Old-age dependency = population 65+ ÷ population 15–64 × 100.

Population over time

Total population (1950–2100)

019M37M56M2000205019502100Total population
Total population

The vertical line marks the selected year. Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Demographics: births, deaths and migration

Values for 1978. A population pyramid is shaped by births, deaths and migration over time. Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Total fertility rate
1.68
Children per woman
Life expectancy (male)
70.9 yrs
At birth
Life expectancy (female)
78.3 yrs
At birth
Births
353,033
Per year
Deaths
167,070
Per year
Natural change
+7.8
Per 1,000 people (births − deaths)
Net migration
+52,781
Per year (in − out)
Population growth
+1.00%
Per year
Infant mortality
12.0
Per 1,000 live births

Total fertility rate

1.22.13.14.02000205019502100Replacement level 2.1Total fertility rate
Total fertility rate

If fertility stays below replacement level (about 2.1), the population shrinks in the long run unless immigration makes up for it.

Life expectancy at birth

657585952000205019502100MaleFemale
MaleFemale

Birth and death rates (per 1,000 people)

61321292000205019502100Birth rateDeath rate
Birth rateDeath rate

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population declines naturally.

Net migration (in − out, per year)

0161K322K483K2000205019502100Net migration
Net migration

Where Canada is

56.1°N 106.3°W

Maps show approximate locations and imply no position on borders or sovereignty. Small island countries are marked with circles.

Industry

Value added by sector as a share of GDP, and employment by sector (World Bank).

Agriculture (% of GDP)
1.9%
2022
Industry incl. construction (% of GDP)
27.4%
2022
Manufacturing (% of GDP)
9.3%
2022
Services (% of GDP)
64.1%
2022

GDP by sector

0%24%48%73%19802000202019602025AgricultureIndustryServices
AgricultureIndustryServices

Economy

GDP (current US$)
$2.32T
2025
GDP per capita
$56K
2025
Real GDP growth
1.7%
2025
FDI inflows (% of GDP)
3%
2025

GDP (current US$)

$0$812B$1.62T$2.44T19802000202019602025GDP
GDP

Real GDP growth

-6%-1%3%8%19802000202019602025Real GDP growth
Real GDP growth

Labour

Labour force
22.8 million
2025
Participation rate (15+)
64.5%
2025
Unemployment
6.9%
2025
Employment: agriculture
1.1%
2025
Employment: industry
18.8%
2025
Employment: services
80.2%
2025

Labour force

14M17M20M23M19802000202019602025Labour force
Labour force

Unemployment and participation

0%24%47%71%19802000202019602025UnemploymentParticipation rate
UnemploymentParticipation rate

Trade and trade balance

Exports and imports of goods and services (balance of payments, US$). Trade balance = exports − imports.

Exports (goods & services)
$727B
2025
Imports (goods & services)
$747B
2025
Trade balance (goods & services)
-$20B
2025
Trade (% of GDP)
63.5%
2025

Exports and imports

$0$261B$523B$784B19802000202019602025ExportsImports
ExportsImports

Trade balance

$-43B$-12B$19B$50B19802000202019602025Trade balance
Trade balance

Prices

Consumer price inflation
2.1%
2025
Consumer price index (2010 = 100)
141
2025

Consumer price inflation (year on year, shown from -10 to 100%)

0%4%9%13%19802000202019602025Inflation
Inflation

Consumer price index (2010 = 100)

75410114719802000202019602025CPI
CPI

Temperature

Mean annual temperature over the whole country (CRU TS 4.07, 1901–2022).

Mean temperature (last 30 years)
-4.0℃
1993–2022
1901–1930 average
-5.4℃
Change
+1.4℃
Last 30 years − 1901–30

Mean annual temperature

-7℃-5℃-4℃-2℃1950200019012022Mean annual temperature
Mean annual temperature

Governance

World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), combining expert, business and citizen assessments on a scale of roughly -2.5 (weak) to +2.5 (strong). They do not classify the type of political system.

Latest: 2025

Governance indicators (latest year)

-2-1+0+1+2Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption

Governance indicators over time

+0.4+1.0+1.7+2.320002010202019962025Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption
Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption

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Regions and groups Canada belongs to

Canada population pyramid in other years

Rankings in 1978

Other countries and areas