World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Australia vs Japan: population pyramids in 2031

2031Swap

AustraliaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Australia and Japan compared

In 2031, Australia has a population of 28.3 million and Japan 119.1 million; Japan is about 4.2 times the size of Australia.

The share aged 65 and over is 19.9% in Australia and 31.2% in Japan, 11.3 points higher in Japan. The median age is 40.7 years in Australia and 52.6 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.64 in Australia and 1.27 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 85.0 years in Australia and 85.9 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Australia is projected to grow by 14.4% and that of Japan to shrink by 11.8% compared with 2031.

GDP per person is $65K in Australia (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2031)

AustraliaJapan
Population28.3 million119.1 million
Aged 0–1416.8%10.3%
Aged 15–6463.3%58.5%
Aged 65+19.9%31.2%
Median age40.7 yrs52.6 yrs
Old-age dependency31.553.4
Total fertility rate1.641.27
Life expectancy85.0 yrs85.9 yrs
Population growth+0.80%-0.62%
Net migration (per year)+137,260+124,022
GDP$1.8T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$65K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.1% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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