World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Canada vs Japan: population pyramids in 2021

2021Swap

CanadaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Canada and Japan compared

In 2021, Canada has a population of 38.3 million and Japan 125.9 million; Japan is about 3.3 times the size of Canada.

The share aged 65 and over is 18.2% in Canada and 29.0% in Japan, 10.8 points higher in Japan. The median age is 41.0 years in Canada and 48.9 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.43 in Canada and 1.27 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 82.0 years in Canada and 84.5 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Canada is projected to grow by 18.8% and that of Japan to shrink by 16.6% compared with 2021.

GDP per person is $56K in Canada (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (2021)

CanadaJapan
Population38.3 million125.9 million
Aged 0–1415.8%12.2%
Aged 15–6466.0%58.8%
Aged 65+18.2%29.0%
Median age41.0 yrs48.9 yrs
Old-age dependency27.649.3
Total fertility rate1.431.27
Life expectancy82.0 yrs84.5 yrs
Population growth+0.67%-0.56%
Net migration (per year)+198,867-34,996
GDP$2.32T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$56K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment6.9% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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