Canada vs United States of America: population pyramids in 2031
CanadaUnited States of America
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Canada and United States of America compared
In 2031, Canada has a population of 41.8 million and the United States of America 356.4 million; the United States of America is about 8.5 times the size of Canada.
The share aged 65 and over is 22.7% in Canada and 20.5% in the United States of America, 2.2 points higher in Canada. The median age is 42.8 years in Canada and 40.7 years in the United States of America.
The total fertility rate is 1.33 in Canada and 1.63 in the United States of America, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 83.8 years in Canada and 80.5 years in the United States of America.
By 2050, the population of Canada is projected to grow by 8.9% and that of the United States of America to grow by 6.7% compared with 2031.
GDP per person is $56K in Canada (2025) and $90K in the United States of America (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2031)
| Canada | United States of America | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 41.8 million | 356.4 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 14.3% | 16.2% |
| Aged 15–64 | 63.0% | 63.3% |
| Aged 65+ | 22.7% | 20.5% |
| Median age | 42.8 yrs | 40.7 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 36.0 | 32.4 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.33 | 1.63 |
| Life expectancy | 83.8 yrs | 80.5 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.64% | +0.44% |
| Net migration (per year) | +267,035 | +1.2 million |
| GDP | $2.32T (2025) | $30.8T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $56K (2025) | $90K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 6.9% (2025) | 4.2% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.