Germany vs Italy: population pyramids in 2021
GermanyItaly
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Germany and Italy compared
In 2021, Germany has a population of 83.6 million and Italy 59.8 million; Germany is about 1.4 times the size of Italy.
The share aged 65 and over is 21.9% in Germany and 23.5% in Italy, 1.5 points higher in Italy. The median age is 45.9 years in Germany and 47.6 years in Italy.
The total fertility rate is 1.58 in Germany and 1.25 in Italy, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.1 years in Germany and 82.9 years in Italy.
By 2050, the population of Germany is projected to shrink by 6.3% and that of Italy to shrink by 13.0% compared with 2021.
GDP per person is $60K in Germany (2025) and $43K in Italy (2025).
Key figures (2021)
| Germany | Italy | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 83.6 million | 59.8 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 13.8% | 12.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 64.2% | 63.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 21.9% | 23.5% |
| Median age | 45.9 yrs | 47.6 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 34.2 | 36.8 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.58 | 1.25 |
| Life expectancy | 81.1 yrs | 82.9 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.18% | -0.18% |
| Net migration (per year) | +310,264 | +157,327 |
| GDP | $5.05T (2025) | $2.55T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $60K (2025) | $43K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 3.7% (2025) | 6.4% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.