Italy vs Germany: population pyramids in 2021
ItalyGermany
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Italy and Germany compared
In 2021, Italy has a population of 59.8 million and Germany 83.6 million; Germany is about 1.4 times the size of Italy.
The share aged 65 and over is 23.5% in Italy and 21.9% in Germany, 1.5 points higher in Italy. The median age is 47.6 years in Italy and 45.9 years in Germany.
The total fertility rate is 1.25 in Italy and 1.58 in Germany, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 82.9 years in Italy and 81.1 years in Germany.
By 2050, the population of Italy is projected to shrink by 13.0% and that of Germany to shrink by 6.3% compared with 2021.
GDP per person is $43K in Italy (2025) and $60K in Germany (2025).
Key figures (2021)
| Italy | Germany | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 59.8 million | 83.6 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 12.7% | 13.8% |
| Aged 15–64 | 63.8% | 64.2% |
| Aged 65+ | 23.5% | 21.9% |
| Median age | 47.6 yrs | 45.9 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 36.8 | 34.2 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.25 | 1.58 |
| Life expectancy | 82.9 yrs | 81.1 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.18% | +0.18% |
| Net migration (per year) | +157,327 | +310,264 |
| GDP | $2.55T (2025) | $5.05T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $43K (2025) | $60K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 6.4% (2025) | 3.7% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.