World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Germany vs Japan: population pyramids in 2019

2019Swap

GermanyJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Germany and Japan compared

In 2019, Germany has a population of 83.5 million and Japan 126.7 million; Japan is about 1.5 times the size of Germany.

The share aged 65 and over is 21.5% in Germany and 28.4% in Japan, 6.9 points higher in Japan. The median age is 45.9 years in Germany and 48.0 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.54 in Germany and 1.32 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.2 years in Germany and 84.4 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Germany is projected to shrink by 6.1% and that of Japan to shrink by 17.1% compared with 2019.

GDP per person is $60K in Germany (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (2019)

GermanyJapan
Population83.5 million126.7 million
Aged 0–1413.6%12.4%
Aged 15–6464.9%59.1%
Aged 65+21.5%28.4%
Median age45.9 yrs48.0 yrs
Old-age dependency33.248.1
Total fertility rate1.541.32
Life expectancy81.2 yrs84.4 yrs
Population growth+0.18%-0.20%
Net migration (per year)+319,082+318,190
GDP$5.05T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$60K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment3.7% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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