Spain vs Italy: population pyramids in 2021
SpainItaly
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Spain and Italy compared
In 2021, Spain has a population of 47.7 million and Italy 59.8 million; Italy is about 1.3 times the size of Spain.
The share aged 65 and over is 19.6% in Spain and 23.5% in Italy, 3.8 points higher in Italy. The median age is 44.7 years in Spain and 47.6 years in Italy.
The total fertility rate is 1.19 in Spain and 1.25 in Italy, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 83.0 years in Spain and 82.9 years in Italy.
By 2050, the population of Spain is projected to shrink by 5.7% and that of Italy to shrink by 13.0% compared with 2021.
GDP per person is $39K in Spain (2025) and $43K in Italy (2025).
Key figures (2021)
| Spain | Italy | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 47.7 million | 59.8 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 14.1% | 12.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 66.3% | 63.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 19.6% | 23.5% |
| Median age | 44.7 yrs | 47.6 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 29.6 | 36.8 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.19 | 1.25 |
| Life expectancy | 83.0 yrs | 82.9 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.06% | -0.18% |
| Net migration (per year) | +144,385 | +157,327 |
| GDP | $1.91T (2025) | $2.55T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $39K (2025) | $43K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 10.4% (2025) | 6.4% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.