India vs China: population pyramids in 1976
IndiaChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
India and China compared
In 1976, India has a population of 618.5 million and China 923.5 million; China is about 1.5 times the size of India.
The share aged 65 and over is 3.9% in India and 4.0% in China, almost the same. The median age is 19.4 years in India and 20.2 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 5.13 in India and 3.24 in China, both above the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 51.3 years in India and 61.2 years in China.
By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 171.2% and that of China to grow by 37.0% compared with 1976.
GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Key figures (1976)
| India | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 618.5 million | 923.5 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 40.6% | 40.3% |
| Aged 15–64 | 55.6% | 55.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 3.9% | 4.0% |
| Median age | 19.4 yrs | 20.2 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 7.0 | 7.1 |
| Total fertility rate | 5.13 | 3.24 |
| Life expectancy | 51.3 yrs | 61.2 yrs |
| Population growth | +2.35% | +1.48% |
| Net migration (per year) | +275,984 | -55,109 |
| GDP | $3.96T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $2,702 (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.2% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.