China vs Russian Federation: population pyramids in 2026
ChinaRussian Federation
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and Russian Federation compared
In 2026, China has a population of 1.41 billion and the Russian Federation 143.5 million; China is about 9.9 times the size of the Russian Federation.
The share aged 65 and over is 15.0% in China and 18.1% in the Russian Federation, 3.1 points higher in the Russian Federation. The median age is 41.4 years in China and 41.5 years in the Russian Federation.
The total fertility rate is 1.03 in China and 1.47 in the Russian Federation, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 79.0 years in China and 73.7 years in the Russian Federation.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 10.6% and that of the Russian Federation to shrink by 5.1% compared with 2026.
GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $18K in the Russian Federation (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2026)
| China | Russian Federation | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.41 billion | 143.5 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.1% | 16.9% |
| Aged 15–64 | 69.9% | 65.0% |
| Aged 65+ | 15.0% | 18.1% |
| Median age | 41.4 yrs | 41.5 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 21.5 | 27.9 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.03 | 1.47 |
| Life expectancy | 79.0 yrs | 73.7 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.22% | -0.23% |
| Net migration (per year) | -232,107 | +324,924 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | $2.56T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | $18K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | 2.1% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.