China vs India: population pyramids in 2026
ChinaIndia
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and India compared
In 2026, China has a population of 1.41 billion and India 1.47 billion; the two are about the same size.
The share aged 65 and over is 15.0% in China and 7.5% in India, 7.5 points higher in China. The median age is 41.4 years in China and 30.0 years in India.
The total fertility rate is 1.03 in China and 1.93 in India, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 79.0 years in China and 72.7 years in India.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 10.6% and that of India to grow by 14.1% compared with 2026.
GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $2,702 in India (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2026)
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.41 billion | 1.47 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.1% | 24.0% |
| Aged 15–64 | 69.9% | 68.5% |
| Aged 65+ | 15.0% | 7.5% |
| Median age | 41.4 yrs | 30.0 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 21.5 | 10.9 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.03 | 1.93 |
| Life expectancy | 79.0 yrs | 72.7 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.22% | +0.86% |
| Net migration (per year) | -232,107 | -440,456 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | $3.96T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | $2,702 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | 4.2% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.