World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Japan vs Indonesia: population pyramids in 2023

2023Swap

JapanIndonesia

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and Indonesia compared

In 2023, Japan has a population of 124.6 million and Indonesia 280 million; Indonesia is about 2.2 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 29.4% in Japan and 6.9% in Indonesia, 22.5 points higher in Japan. The median age is 49.7 years in Japan and 30.7 years in Indonesia.

The total fertility rate is 1.21 in Japan and 2.13 in Indonesia, so only Japan is below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.7 years in Japan and 71.2 years in Indonesia.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 15.7% and that of Indonesia to grow by 14.4% compared with 2023.

GDP per person is $36K in Japan (2025) and $5,060 in Indonesia (2025).

Key figures (2023)

JapanIndonesia
Population124.6 million280 million
Aged 0–1411.8%25.1%
Aged 15–6458.8%68.0%
Aged 65+29.4%6.9%
Median age49.7 yrs30.7 yrs
Old-age dependency49.910.2
Total fertility rate1.212.13
Life expectancy84.7 yrs71.2 yrs
Population growth-0.48%+0.83%
Net migration (per year)+175,003-37,501
GDP$4.44T (2025)$1.45T (2025)
GDP per person$36K (2025)$5,060 (2025)
Unemployment2.5% (2025)3.2% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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