World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Japan vs India: population pyramids in 2023

2023Swap

JapanIndia

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and India compared

In 2023, Japan has a population of 124.6 million and India 1.43 billion; India is about 11 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 29.4% in Japan and 6.8% in India, 22.6 points higher in Japan. The median age is 49.7 years in Japan and 28.9 years in India.

The total fertility rate is 1.21 in Japan and 1.98 in India, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.7 years in Japan and 72.0 years in India.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 15.7% and that of India to grow by 17.2% compared with 2023.

GDP per person is $36K in Japan (2025) and $2,702 in India (2025).

Key figures (2023)

JapanIndia
Population124.6 million1.43 billion
Aged 0–1411.8%25.3%
Aged 15–6458.8%67.9%
Aged 65+29.4%6.8%
Median age49.7 yrs28.9 yrs
Old-age dependency49.910.0
Total fertility rate1.211.98
Life expectancy84.7 yrs72.0 yrs
Population growth-0.48%+0.89%
Net migration (per year)+175,003-979,179
GDP$4.44T (2025)$3.96T (2025)
GDP per person$36K (2025)$2,702 (2025)
Unemployment2.5% (2025)4.2% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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