Nigeria vs Ethiopia: population pyramids in 2038
NigeriaEthiopia
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Nigeria and Ethiopia compared
In 2038, Nigeria has a population of 300.3 million and Ethiopia 179.4 million; Nigeria is about 1.7 times the size of Ethiopia.
The share aged 65 and over is 3.5% in Nigeria and 4.3% in Ethiopia, 0.8 points higher in Ethiopia. The median age is 22.1 years in Nigeria and 22.6 years in Ethiopia.
The total fertility rate is 3.21 in Nigeria and 2.99 in Ethiopia, both above the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 56.8 years in Nigeria and 71.0 years in Ethiopia.
By 2050, the population of Nigeria is projected to grow by 18.9% and that of Ethiopia to grow by 24.4% compared with 2038.
GDP per person is $1,224 in Nigeria (2025) and $933 in Ethiopia (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2038)
| Nigeria | Ethiopia | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 300.3 million | 179.4 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 35.4% | 34.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 61.1% | 61.0% |
| Aged 65+ | 3.5% | 4.3% |
| Median age | 22.1 yrs | 22.6 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 5.8 | 7.0 |
| Total fertility rate | 3.21 | 2.99 |
| Life expectancy | 56.8 yrs | 71.0 yrs |
| Population growth | +1.65% | +1.98% |
| Net migration (per year) | +40,845 | +52,220 |
| GDP | $291B (2025) | $126B (2025) |
| GDP per person | $1,224 (2025) | $933 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 3.1% (2025) | 3.3% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.