World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2040

2040Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2040, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 21.3 million and Japan 112.3 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 31.2% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 35.0% in Japan, 3.8 points higher in Japan. The median age is 53.7 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 53.9 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.00 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.31 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 83.5 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 87.1 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 8.5% and that of Japan to shrink by 6.5% compared with 2040.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2040)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population21.3 million112.3 million
Aged 0–148.0%10.4%
Aged 15–6460.8%54.6%
Aged 65+31.2%35.0%
Median age53.7 yrs53.9 yrs
Old-age dependency51.364.1
Total fertility rate1.001.31
Life expectancy83.5 yrs87.1 yrs
Population growth-0.75%-0.65%
Net migration (per year)+6,967+118,186
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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