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China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2046

2046Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2046, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 20.3 million and Japan 107.9 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 35.7% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 36.7% in Japan, 1.1 points higher in Japan. The median age is 55.9 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 53.8 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.05 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.33 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.4 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 87.9 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 3.8% and that of Japan to shrink by 2.7% compared with 2046.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2046)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population20.3 million107.9 million
Aged 0–148.1%11.0%
Aged 15–6456.3%52.2%
Aged 65+35.7%36.7%
Median age55.9 yrs53.8 yrs
Old-age dependency63.470.3
Total fertility rate1.051.33
Life expectancy84.4 yrs87.9 yrs
Population growth-0.92%-0.65%
Net migration (per year)+9,356+116,330
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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