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China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2051

2051Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2051, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 19.3 million and Japan 104.4 million; Japan is about 5.4 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 38.9% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 37.3% in Japan, 1.6 points higher in China, Taiwan Province of China. The median age is 57.4 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 53.5 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.08 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.35 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 85.1 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 88.5 years in Japan.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2051)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population19.3 million104.4 million
Aged 0–148.3%11.3%
Aged 15–6452.9%51.4%
Aged 65+38.9%37.3%
Median age57.4 yrs53.5 yrs
Old-age dependency73.572.5
Total fertility rate1.081.35
Life expectancy85.1 yrs88.5 yrs
Population growth-1.05%-0.64%
Net migration (per year)+7,946+118,217
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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