China, Taiwan Province of China vs Republic of Korea: population pyramids in 2040
China, Taiwan Province of ChinaRepublic of Korea
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China, Taiwan Province of China and Republic of Korea compared
In 2040, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 21.3 million and the Republic of Korea 49 million; the Republic of Korea is about 2.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.
The share aged 65 and over is 31.2% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 33.4% in the Republic of Korea, 2.3 points higher in the Republic of Korea. The median age is 53.7 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 54.1 years in the Republic of Korea.
The total fertility rate is 1.00 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 0.93 in the Republic of Korea, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 83.5 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 86.2 years in the Republic of Korea.
By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 8.5% and that of the Republic of Korea to shrink by 7.7% compared with 2040.
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2040)
| China, Taiwan Province of China | Republic of Korea | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 21.3 million | 49 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 8.0% | 7.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 60.8% | 58.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 31.2% | 33.4% |
| Median age | 53.7 yrs | 54.1 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 51.3 | 56.8 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.00 | 0.93 |
| Life expectancy | 83.5 yrs | 86.2 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.75% | -0.63% |
| Net migration (per year) | +6,967 | +19,948 |
| GDP | — | $1.87T (2025) |
| GDP per person | — | $36K (2025) |
| Unemployment | — | 2.7% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.