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United States of America vs Japan: population pyramids in 2042

2042Swap

United States of AmericaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

United States of America and Japan compared

In 2042, the United States of America has a population of 372 million and Japan 110.8 million; the United States of America is about 3.4 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 22.1% in the United States of America and 35.8% in Japan, 13.7 points higher in Japan. The median age is 41.9 years in the United States of America and 54.0 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.64 in the United States of America and 1.32 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 82.1 years in the United States of America and 87.4 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of the United States of America is projected to grow by 2.2% and that of Japan to shrink by 5.2% compared with 2042.

GDP per person is $90K in the United States of America (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2042)

United States of AmericaJapan
Population372 million110.8 million
Aged 0–1416.0%10.6%
Aged 15–6461.9%53.6%
Aged 65+22.1%35.8%
Median age41.9 yrs54.0 yrs
Old-age dependency35.766.7
Total fertility rate1.641.32
Life expectancy82.1 yrs87.4 yrs
Population growth+0.33%-0.65%
Net migration (per year)+1.3 million+120,719
GDP$30.8T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$90K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.2% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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