India vs China: population pyramids in 2039
IndiaChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
India and China compared
In 2039, India has a population of 1.61 billion and China 1.35 billion; India is about 1.2 times the size of China.
The share aged 65 and over is 10.7% in India and 25.7% in China, 15.0 points higher in China. The median age is 35.1 years in India and 48.8 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 1.81 in India and 1.13 in China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 75.5 years in India and 81.5 years in China.
By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 4.2% and that of China to shrink by 6.5% compared with 2039.
GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2039)
| India | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.61 billion | 1.35 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 20.3% | 9.3% |
| Aged 15–64 | 69.0% | 65.0% |
| Aged 65+ | 10.7% | 25.7% |
| Median age | 35.1 yrs | 48.8 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 15.6 | 39.6 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.81 | 1.13 |
| Life expectancy | 75.5 yrs | 81.5 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.50% | -0.48% |
| Net migration (per year) | -391,513 | -214,488 |
| GDP | $3.96T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $2,702 (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.2% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.