India vs Pakistan: population pyramids in 2021
IndiaPakistan
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
India and Pakistan compared
In 2021, India has a population of 1.41 billion and Pakistan 237.2 million; India is about 5.9 times the size of Pakistan.
The share aged 65 and over is 6.5% in India and 4.0% in Pakistan, 2.5 points higher in India. The median age is 28.2 years in India and 20.9 years in Pakistan.
The total fertility rate is 2.01 in India and 3.72 in Pakistan, so only India is below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 67.3 years in India and 65.8 years in Pakistan.
By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 19.0% and that of Pakistan to grow by 55.8% compared with 2021.
GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $1,596 in Pakistan (2025).
Key figures (2021)
| India | Pakistan | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.41 billion | 237.2 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 26.1% | 37.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 67.4% | 58.2% |
| Aged 65+ | 6.5% | 4.0% |
| Median age | 28.2 yrs | 20.9 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 9.7 | 6.9 |
| Total fertility rate | 2.01 | 3.72 |
| Life expectancy | 67.3 yrs | 65.8 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.70% | +1.88% |
| Net migration (per year) | -348,916 | -565,673 |
| GDP | $3.96T (2025) | $407B (2025) |
| GDP per person | $2,702 (2025) | $1,596 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.2% (2025) | 5.4% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.