Italy vs Spain: population pyramids in 1990
ItalySpain
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Italy and Spain compared
In 1990, Italy has a population of 57 million and Spain 39.1 million; Italy is about 1.5 times the size of Spain.
The share aged 65 and over is 14.8% in Italy and 13.4% in Spain, 1.4 points higher in Italy. The median age is 36.9 years in Italy and 33.3 years in Spain.
The total fertility rate is 1.33 in Italy and 1.36 in Spain, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 77.0 years in Italy and 77.0 years in Spain.
By 2050, the population of Italy is projected to shrink by 8.7% and that of Spain to grow by 15.2% compared with 1990.
GDP per person is $43K in Italy (2025) and $39K in Spain (2025).
Key figures (1990)
| Italy | Spain | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 57 million | 39.1 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 16.7% | 20.2% |
| Aged 15–64 | 68.5% | 66.5% |
| Aged 65+ | 14.8% | 13.4% |
| Median age | 36.9 yrs | 33.3 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 21.6 | 20.1 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.33 | 1.36 |
| Life expectancy | 77.0 yrs | 77.0 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.11% | +0.12% |
| Net migration (per year) | +35,317 | -30,684 |
| GDP | $2.55T (2025) | $1.91T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $43K (2025) | $39K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 6.4% (2025) | 10.4% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.