World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Japan vs Republic of Korea: population pyramids in 2040

2040Swap

JapanRepublic of Korea

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and Republic of Korea compared

In 2040, Japan has a population of 112.3 million and the Republic of Korea 49 million; Japan is about 2.3 times the size of the Republic of Korea.

The share aged 65 and over is 35.0% in Japan and 33.4% in the Republic of Korea, 1.6 points higher in Japan. The median age is 53.9 years in Japan and 54.1 years in the Republic of Korea.

The total fertility rate is 1.31 in Japan and 0.93 in the Republic of Korea, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 87.1 years in Japan and 86.2 years in the Republic of Korea.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 6.5% and that of the Republic of Korea to shrink by 7.7% compared with 2040.

GDP per person is $36K in Japan (2025) and $36K in the Republic of Korea (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2040)

JapanRepublic of Korea
Population112.3 million49 million
Aged 0–1410.4%7.7%
Aged 15–6454.6%58.8%
Aged 65+35.0%33.4%
Median age53.9 yrs54.1 yrs
Old-age dependency64.156.8
Total fertility rate1.310.93
Life expectancy87.1 yrs86.2 yrs
Population growth-0.65%-0.63%
Net migration (per year)+118,186+19,948
GDP$4.44T (2025)$1.87T (2025)
GDP per person$36K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment2.5% (2025)2.7% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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