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Japan vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2027

2027Swap

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and China, Taiwan Province of China compared

In 2027, Japan has a population of 122 million and China, Taiwan Province of China 23 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 30.2% in Japan and 21.4% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 8.9 points higher in Japan. The median age is 51.3 years in Japan and 46.7 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

The total fertility rate is 1.24 in Japan and 0.87 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 85.3 years in Japan and 81.3 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 13.9% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 15.0% compared with 2027.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2027)

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China
Population122 million23 million
Aged 0–1411.0%11.1%
Aged 15–6458.8%67.5%
Aged 65+30.2%21.4%
Median age51.3 yrs46.7 yrs
Old-age dependency51.431.6
Total fertility rate1.240.87
Life expectancy85.3 yrs81.3 yrs
Population growth-0.58%-0.46%
Net migration (per year)+127,401-13,096
GDP$4.44T (2025)—
GDP per person$36K (2025)—
Unemployment2.5% (2025)—

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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