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Japan vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2049

2049Swap

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and China, Taiwan Province of China compared

In 2049, Japan has a population of 105.7 million and China, Taiwan Province of China 19.7 million; Japan is about 5.4 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 37.1% in Japan and 37.9% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 0.8 points higher in China, Taiwan Province of China. The median age is 53.6 years in Japan and 56.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

The total fertility rate is 1.35 in Japan and 1.07 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 88.3 years in Japan and 84.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 0.7% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 1.0% compared with 2049.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2049)

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China
Population105.7 million19.7 million
Aged 0–1411.2%8.2%
Aged 15–6451.7%54.0%
Aged 65+37.1%37.9%
Median age53.6 yrs56.8 yrs
Old-age dependency71.770.2
Total fertility rate1.351.07
Life expectancy88.3 yrs84.8 yrs
Population growth-0.64%-1.02%
Net migration (per year)+116,311+5,666
GDP$4.44T (2025)—
GDP per person$36K (2025)—
Unemployment2.5% (2025)—

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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