Russian Federation vs China: population pyramids in 2021
Russian FederationChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Russian Federation and China compared
In 2021, the Russian Federation has a population of 146.2 million and China 1.43 billion; China is about 9.8 times the size of the Russian Federation.
The share aged 65 and over is 15.6% in the Russian Federation and 12.9% in China, 2.7 points higher in the Russian Federation. The median age is 39.8 years in the Russian Federation and 38.7 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 1.51 in the Russian Federation and 1.12 in China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 69.8 years in the Russian Federation and 78.1 years in China.
By 2050, the population of the Russian Federation is projected to shrink by 6.8% and that of China to shrink by 11.3% compared with 2021.
GDP per person is $18K in the Russian Federation (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Key figures (2021)
| Russian Federation | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 146.2 million | 1.43 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 17.7% | 17.8% |
| Aged 15–64 | 66.7% | 69.3% |
| Aged 65+ | 15.6% | 12.9% |
| Median age | 39.8 yrs | 38.7 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 23.4 | 18.7 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.51 | 1.12 |
| Life expectancy | 69.8 yrs | 78.1 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.48% | -0.05% |
| Net migration (per year) | +314,112 | -379,749 |
| GDP | $2.56T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $18K (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 2.1% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.