Russian Federation vs China: population pyramids in 2050
Russian FederationChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Russian Federation and China compared
In 2050, the Russian Federation has a population of 136.2 million and China 1.27 billion; China is about 9.3 times the size of the Russian Federation.
The share aged 65 and over is 23.6% in the Russian Federation and 30.6% in China, 7.0 points higher in China. The median age is 42.6 years in the Russian Federation and 53.0 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 1.54 in the Russian Federation and 1.18 in China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 77.9 years in the Russian Federation and 83.4 years in China.
GDP per person is $18K in the Russian Federation (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2050)
| Russian Federation | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 136.2 million | 1.27 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.6% | 9.9% |
| Aged 15–64 | 60.8% | 59.4% |
| Aged 65+ | 23.6% | 30.6% |
| Median age | 42.6 yrs | 53.0 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 38.8 | 51.5 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.54 | 1.18 |
| Life expectancy | 77.9 yrs | 83.4 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.18% | -0.82% |
| Net migration (per year) | +322,727 | -171,498 |
| GDP | $2.56T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $18K (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 2.1% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.