Russian Federation vs China: population pyramids in 2045
Russian FederationChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Russian Federation and China compared
In 2045, the Russian Federation has a population of 137.2 million and China 1.31 billion; China is about 9.5 times the size of the Russian Federation.
The share aged 65 and over is 22.2% in the Russian Federation and 28.3% in China, 6.1 points higher in China. The median age is 43.3 years in the Russian Federation and 51.4 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 1.53 in the Russian Federation and 1.16 in China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 77.1 years in the Russian Federation and 82.6 years in China.
By 2050, the population of the Russian Federation is projected to shrink by 0.7% and that of China to shrink by 3.4% compared with 2045.
GDP per person is $18K in the Russian Federation (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2045)
| Russian Federation | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 137.2 million | 1.31 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 14.7% | 9.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 63.2% | 62.0% |
| Aged 65+ | 22.2% | 28.3% |
| Median age | 43.3 yrs | 51.4 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 35.1 | 45.6 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.53 | 1.16 |
| Life expectancy | 77.1 yrs | 82.6 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.13% | -0.62% |
| Net migration (per year) | +341,940 | -191,600 |
| GDP | $2.56T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $18K (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 2.1% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.