Russian Federation vs Ukraine: population pyramids in 2023
Russian FederationUkraine
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Russian Federation and Ukraine compared
In 2023, the Russian Federation has a population of 145.7 million and Ukraine 38 million; the Russian Federation is about 3.8 times the size of Ukraine.
The share aged 65 and over is 16.3% in the Russian Federation and 18.2% in Ukraine, 1.9 points higher in Ukraine. The median age is 40.2 years in the Russian Federation and 42.7 years in Ukraine.
The total fertility rate is 1.45 in the Russian Federation and 0.98 in Ukraine, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 73.2 years in the Russian Federation and 73.4 years in Ukraine.
By 2050, the population of the Russian Federation is projected to shrink by 6.5% and that of Ukraine to shrink by 15.5% compared with 2023.
GDP per person is $18K in the Russian Federation (2025) and $5,866 in Ukraine (2025).
Key figures (2023)
| Russian Federation | Ukraine | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 145.7 million | 38 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 17.6% | 14.6% |
| Aged 15–64 | 66.1% | 67.2% |
| Aged 65+ | 16.3% | 18.2% |
| Median age | 40.2 yrs | 42.7 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 24.7 | 27.1 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.45 | 0.98 |
| Life expectancy | 73.2 yrs | 73.4 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.32% | -1.55% |
| Net migration (per year) | +27,807 | -299,961 |
| GDP | $2.56T (2025) | $214B (2025) |
| GDP per person | $18K (2025) | $5,866 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 2.1% (2025) | 9.8% (2021) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.