World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Thailand vs Japan: population pyramids in 2023

2023Swap

ThailandJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Thailand and Japan compared

In 2023, Thailand has a population of 71.7 million and Japan 124.6 million; Japan is about 1.7 times the size of Thailand.

The share aged 65 and over is 14.4% in Thailand and 29.4% in Japan, 15.0 points higher in Japan. The median age is 40.4 years in Thailand and 49.7 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.21 in Thailand and 1.21 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 76.4 years in Thailand and 84.7 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Thailand is projected to shrink by 7.3% and that of Japan to shrink by 15.7% compared with 2023.

GDP per person is $8,057 in Thailand (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (2023)

ThailandJapan
Population71.7 million124.6 million
Aged 0–1415.3%11.8%
Aged 15–6470.4%58.8%
Aged 65+14.4%29.4%
Median age40.4 yrs49.7 yrs
Old-age dependency20.449.9
Total fertility rate1.211.21
Life expectancy76.4 yrs84.7 yrs
Population growth-0.04%-0.48%
Net migration (per year)+19,648+175,003
GDP$577B (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$8,057 (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment0.8% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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