World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Thailand vs Japan: population pyramids in 2040

2040Swap

ThailandJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Thailand and Japan compared

In 2040, Thailand has a population of 69.6 million and Japan 112.3 million; Japan is about 1.6 times the size of Thailand.

The share aged 65 and over is 25.3% in Thailand and 35.0% in Japan, 9.7 points higher in Japan. The median age is 46.8 years in Thailand and 53.9 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.25 in Thailand and 1.31 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 79.9 years in Thailand and 87.1 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of Thailand is projected to shrink by 4.5% and that of Japan to shrink by 6.5% compared with 2040.

GDP per person is $8,057 in Thailand (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2040)

ThailandJapan
Population69.6 million112.3 million
Aged 0–1411.8%10.4%
Aged 15–6462.9%54.6%
Aged 65+25.3%35.0%
Median age46.8 yrs53.9 yrs
Old-age dependency40.264.1
Total fertility rate1.251.31
Life expectancy79.9 yrs87.1 yrs
Population growth-0.34%-0.65%
Net migration (per year)+60,414+118,186
GDP$577B (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$8,057 (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment0.8% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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