World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2018

2018Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2018, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 23.6 million and Japan 126.9 million; Japan is about 5.4 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 14.0% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 28.1% in Japan, 14.2 points higher in Japan. The median age is 41.3 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 47.7 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.08 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.37 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 80.4 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 84.3 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 17.5% and that of Japan to shrink by 17.2% compared with 2018.

Key figures (2018)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population23.6 million126.9 million
Aged 0–1413.1%12.6%
Aged 15–6472.9%59.3%
Aged 65+14.0%28.1%
Median age41.3 yrs47.7 yrs
Old-age dependency19.247.5
Total fertility rate1.081.37
Life expectancy80.4 yrs84.3 yrs
Population growth+0.07%-0.14%
Net migration (per year)+9,577+320,601
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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