World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

Japan vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2018

2018Swap

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and China, Taiwan Province of China compared

In 2018, Japan has a population of 126.9 million and China, Taiwan Province of China 23.6 million; Japan is about 5.4 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 28.1% in Japan and 14.0% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 14.2 points higher in Japan. The median age is 47.7 years in Japan and 41.3 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

The total fertility rate is 1.37 in Japan and 1.08 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.3 years in Japan and 80.4 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 17.2% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 17.5% compared with 2018.

Key figures (2018)

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China
Population126.9 million23.6 million
Aged 0–1412.6%13.1%
Aged 15–6459.3%72.9%
Aged 65+28.1%14.0%
Median age47.7 yrs41.3 yrs
Old-age dependency47.519.2
Total fertility rate1.371.08
Life expectancy84.3 yrs80.4 yrs
Population growth-0.14%+0.07%
Net migration (per year)+320,601+9,577
GDP$4.44T (2025)—
GDP per person$36K (2025)—
Unemployment2.5% (2025)—

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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