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China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2025

2025Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2025, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 23.2 million and Japan 123.3 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 19.6% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 29.8% in Japan, 10.2 points higher in Japan. The median age is 45.5 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 50.6 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 0.86 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.23 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 80.9 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 85.0 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 15.8% and that of Japan to shrink by 14.8% compared with 2025.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2025)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population23.2 million123.3 million
Aged 0–1411.6%11.3%
Aged 15–6468.8%58.8%
Aged 65+19.6%29.8%
Median age45.5 yrs50.6 yrs
Old-age dependency28.550.7
Total fertility rate0.861.23
Life expectancy80.9 yrs85.0 yrs
Population growth-0.44%-0.54%
Net migration (per year)-20,947+140,579
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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