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China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2024

2024Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2024, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 23.3 million and Japan 124 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 18.7% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 29.6% in Japan, 10.9 points higher in Japan. The median age is 44.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 50.1 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 0.86 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.22 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 80.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 84.8 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 16.1% and that of Japan to shrink by 15.3% compared with 2024.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2024)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population23.3 million124 million
Aged 0–1411.8%11.5%
Aged 15–6469.4%58.8%
Aged 65+18.7%29.6%
Median age44.8 yrs50.1 yrs
Old-age dependency27.050.3
Total fertility rate0.861.22
Life expectancy80.8 yrs84.8 yrs
Population growth-0.43%-0.51%
Net migration (per year)-25,832+153,357
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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