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Japan vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2024

2024Swap

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

Japan and China, Taiwan Province of China compared

In 2024, Japan has a population of 124 million and China, Taiwan Province of China 23.3 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 29.6% in Japan and 18.7% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 10.9 points higher in Japan. The median age is 50.1 years in Japan and 44.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

The total fertility rate is 1.22 in Japan and 0.86 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.8 years in Japan and 80.8 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.

By 2050, the population of Japan is projected to shrink by 15.3% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 16.1% compared with 2024.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2024)

JapanChina, Taiwan Province of China
Population124 million23.3 million
Aged 0–1411.5%11.8%
Aged 15–6458.8%69.4%
Aged 65+29.6%18.7%
Median age50.1 yrs44.8 yrs
Old-age dependency50.327.0
Total fertility rate1.220.86
Life expectancy84.8 yrs80.8 yrs
Population growth-0.51%-0.43%
Net migration (per year)+153,357-25,832
GDP$4.44T (2025)—
GDP per person$36K (2025)—
Unemployment2.5% (2025)—

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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