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China, Taiwan Province of China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2028

2028Swap

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China, Taiwan Province of China and Japan compared

In 2028, China, Taiwan Province of China has a population of 22.8 million and Japan 121.3 million; Japan is about 5.3 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.

The share aged 65 and over is 22.2% in China, Taiwan Province of China and 30.4% in Japan, 8.2 points higher in Japan. The median age is 47.3 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 51.7 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 0.88 in China, Taiwan Province of China and 1.25 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.5 years in China, Taiwan Province of China and 85.4 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China, Taiwan Province of China is projected to shrink by 14.6% and that of Japan to shrink by 13.4% compared with 2028.

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2028)

China, Taiwan Province of ChinaJapan
Population22.8 million121.3 million
Aged 0–1410.7%10.8%
Aged 15–6467.1%58.8%
Aged 65+22.2%30.4%
Median age47.3 yrs51.7 yrs
Old-age dependency33.251.7
Total fertility rate0.881.25
Life expectancy81.5 yrs85.4 yrs
Population growth-0.46%-0.59%
Net migration (per year)-8,589+125,079
GDP—$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person—$36K (2025)
Unemployment—2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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