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India population pyramid 2038

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Projection (medium)

Population pyramid

Population
1.6 billion
Aged 0–14
20.5%
Aged 15–64
69.1%
Aged 65+
10.5%
Median age
34.7 yrs
Old-age dependency
15.2
Sex ratio M per 100 F
105.4
15M10M5M05M10M15M0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Bars show the population at each single year of age (men left, women right). The axis is fixed across 1950–2100 so years can be compared. Old-age dependency = population 65+ ÷ population 15–64 × 100.

Population over time

Total population (1950–2100)

0595M1.2B1.8B2000205019502100Total population
Total population

The vertical line marks the selected year. Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Demographics: births, deaths and migration

Values for 2038. A population pyramid is shaped by births, deaths and migration over time. Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Total fertility rate
1.81
Children per woman
Life expectancy (male)
73.6 yrs
At birth
Life expectancy (female)
77.2 yrs
At birth
Births
21.1 million
Per year
Deaths
12.2 million
Per year
Natural change
+5.6
Per 1,000 people (births − deaths)
Net migration
-396,862
Per year (in − out)
Population growth
+0.53%
Per year
Infant mortality
13.4
Per 1,000 live births

Total fertility rate

1.53.04.66.22000205019502100Replacement level 2.1Total fertility rate
Total fertility rate

If fertility stays below replacement level (about 2.1), the population shrinks in the long run unless immigration makes up for it.

Life expectancy at birth

385572892000205019502100MaleFemale
MaleFemale

Birth and death rates (per 1,000 people)

51933472000205019502100Birth rateDeath rate
Birth rateDeath rate

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population declines naturally.

Net migration (in − out, per year)

-1.5M-680K100K880K2000205019502100Net migration
Net migration

Where India is

20.6°N 79.0°E

Maps show approximate locations and imply no position on borders or sovereignty. Small island countries are marked with circles.

Industry

Value added by sector as a share of GDP, and employment by sector (World Bank).

Agriculture (% of GDP)
16.2%
2025
Industry incl. construction (% of GDP)
25.2%
2025
Manufacturing (% of GDP)
13.5%
2025
Services (% of GDP)
49.3%
2025

GDP by sector

0%18%35%53%19802000202019602025AgricultureIndustryServices
AgricultureIndustryServices

Economy

GDP (current US$)
$3.96T
2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
Real GDP growth
7.6%
2025
FDI inflows (% of GDP)
1%
2025

GDP (current US$)

$0$1.38T$2.77T$4.15T19802000202019602025GDP
GDP

Real GDP growth

-7%-1%5%10%19802000202019602025Real GDP growth
Real GDP growth

Labour

Labour force
617.6 million
2025
Participation rate (15+)
55.7%
2025
Unemployment
4.2%
2025
Employment: agriculture
41.6%
2025
Employment: industry
25.8%
2025
Employment: services
32.6%
2025

Labour force

0216M432M649M19802000202019602025Labour force
Labour force

Unemployment and participation

0%21%42%63%19802000202019602025UnemploymentParticipation rate
UnemploymentParticipation rate

Trade and trade balance

Exports and imports of goods and services (balance of payments, US$). Trade balance = exports − imports.

Exports (goods & services)
$881B
2025
Imports (goods & services)
$950B
2025
Trade balance (goods & services)
-$101B
2025
Trade (% of GDP)
46.3%
2025

Exports and imports

$0$332B$665B$997B19802000202019602025ExportsImports
ExportsImports

Trade balance

$-143B$-93B$-42B$7.8B19802000202019602025Trade balance
Trade balance

Prices

Consumer price inflation
2.4%
2025
Consumer price index (2010 = 100)
233.1
2025

Consumer price inflation (year on year, shown from -10 to 100%)

-9%4%17%30%19802000202019602025Inflation
Inflation

Consumer price index (2010 = 100)

-97616024519802000202019602025CPI
CPI

Temperature

Mean annual temperature over the whole country (CRU TS 4.07, 1901–2022).

Mean temperature (last 30 years)
25.0℃
1993–2022
1901–1930 average
24.2℃
Change
+0.7℃
Last 30 years − 1901–30

Mean annual temperature

23℃24℃25℃26℃1950200019012022Mean annual temperature
Mean annual temperature

Governance

World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), combining expert, business and citizen assessments on a scale of roughly -2.5 (weak) to +2.5 (strong). They do not classify the type of political system.

Latest: 2025

Governance indicators (latest year)

-2-1+0+1+2Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption

Governance indicators over time

-1.5-0.8-0.0+0.720002010202019962025Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption
Voice and accountabilityPolitical stabilityGovernment effectivenessRule of lawControl of corruption

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Regions and groups India belongs to

India population pyramid in other years

Rankings in 2038

Other countries and areas