China vs India: population pyramids in 2010
ChinaIndia
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and India compared
In 2010, China has a population of 1.35 billion and India 1.23 billion; China is about 1.1 times the size of India.
The share aged 65 and over is 8.6% in China and 4.9% in India, 3.7 points higher in China. The median age is 35.0 years in China and 24.5 years in India.
The total fertility rate is 1.69 in China and 2.60 in India, so only China is below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 75.7 years in China and 67.2 years in India.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 6.1% and that of India to grow by 35.9% compared with 2010.
GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $2,702 in India (2025).
Key figures (2010)
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.35 billion | 1.23 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 18.6% | 31.6% |
| Aged 15–64 | 72.9% | 63.5% |
| Aged 65+ | 8.6% | 4.9% |
| Median age | 35.0 yrs | 24.5 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 11.8 | 7.7 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.69 | 2.60 |
| Life expectancy | 75.7 yrs | 67.2 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.66% | +1.44% |
| Net migration (per year) | -184,144 | -50,905 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | $3.96T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | $2,702 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | 4.2% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.