China vs India: population pyramids in 2054
ChinaIndia
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and India compared
In 2054, China has a population of 1.22 billion and India 1.69 billion; India is about 1.4 times the size of China.
The share aged 65 and over is 33.5% in China and 16.1% in India, 17.4 points higher in China. The median age is 54.0 years in China and 40.4 years in India.
The total fertility rate is 1.20 in China and 1.75 in India, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 84.0 years in China and 78.2 years in India.
GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $2,702 in India (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2054)
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.22 billion | 1.69 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 9.8% | 17.2% |
| Aged 15–64 | 56.7% | 66.7% |
| Aged 65+ | 33.5% | 16.1% |
| Median age | 54.0 yrs | 40.4 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 59.1 | 24.2 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.20 | 1.75 |
| Life expectancy | 84.0 yrs | 78.2 yrs |
| Population growth | -1.01% | +0.14% |
| Net migration (per year) | -163,039 | -377,466 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | $3.96T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | $2,702 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | 4.2% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.