China vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2026
ChinaChina, Taiwan Province of China
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and China, Taiwan Province of China compared
In 2026, China has a population of 1.41 billion and China, Taiwan Province of China 23.1 million; China is about 61 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.
The share aged 65 and over is 15.0% in China and 20.5% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 5.4 points higher in China, Taiwan Province of China. The median age is 41.4 years in China and 46.1 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.
The total fertility rate is 1.03 in China and 0.86 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 79.0 years in China and 81.1 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 10.6% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 15.4% compared with 2026.
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2026)
| China | China, Taiwan Province of China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.41 billion | 23.1 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.1% | 11.4% |
| Aged 15–64 | 69.9% | 68.1% |
| Aged 65+ | 15.0% | 20.5% |
| Median age | 41.4 yrs | 46.1 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 21.5 | 30.1 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.03 | 0.86 |
| Life expectancy | 79.0 yrs | 81.1 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.22% | -0.44% |
| Net migration (per year) | -232,107 | -15,041 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | — |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | — |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | — |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.