World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

China vs United States of America: population pyramids in 2040

2040Swap

ChinaUnited States of America

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China and United States of America compared

In 2040, China has a population of 1.35 billion and the United States of America 369.4 million; China is about 3.6 times the size of the United States of America.

The share aged 65 and over is 26.4% in China and 22.0% in the United States of America, 4.4 points higher in China. The median age is 49.3 years in China and 41.8 years in the United States of America.

The total fertility rate is 1.13 in China and 1.64 in the United States of America, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.7 years in China and 81.8 years in the United States of America.

By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 6.0% and that of the United States of America to grow by 2.9% compared with 2040.

GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $90K in the United States of America (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2040)

ChinaUnited States of America
Population1.35 billion369.4 million
Aged 0–149.4%15.9%
Aged 15–6464.3%62.1%
Aged 65+26.4%22.0%
Median age49.3 yrs41.8 yrs
Old-age dependency41.035.4
Total fertility rate1.131.64
Life expectancy81.7 yrs81.8 yrs
Population growth-0.50%+0.35%
Net migration (per year)-206,247+1.2 million
GDP$19.5T (2025)$30.8T (2025)
GDP per person$14K (2025)$90K (2025)
Unemployment4.6% (2025)4.2% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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