India vs Bangladesh: population pyramids in 2040
IndiaBangladesh
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
India and Bangladesh compared
In 2040, India has a population of 1.62 billion and Bangladesh 201.9 million; India is about 8.0 times the size of Bangladesh.
The share aged 65 and over is 11.0% in India and 9.7% in Bangladesh, 1.3 points higher in India. The median age is 35.5 years in India and 32.5 years in Bangladesh.
The total fertility rate is 1.80 in India and 1.87 in Bangladesh, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 75.7 years in India and 78.8 years in Bangladesh.
By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 3.6% and that of Bangladesh to grow by 6.1% compared with 2040.
GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $2,597 in Bangladesh (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2040)
| India | Bangladesh | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.62 billion | 201.9 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 20.0% | 23.0% |
| Aged 15–64 | 68.9% | 67.3% |
| Aged 65+ | 11.0% | 9.7% |
| Median age | 35.5 yrs | 32.5 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 16.0 | 14.4 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.80 | 1.87 |
| Life expectancy | 75.7 yrs | 78.8 yrs |
| Population growth | +0.48% | +0.67% |
| Net migration (per year) | -399,517 | -331,839 |
| GDP | $3.96T (2025) | $456B (2025) |
| GDP per person | $2,702 (2025) | $2,597 (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.2% (2025) | 3.8% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.