World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

India vs Japan: population pyramids in 2040

2040Swap

IndiaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

India and Japan compared

In 2040, India has a population of 1.62 billion and Japan 112.3 million; India is about 14 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 11.0% in India and 35.0% in Japan, 24.0 points higher in Japan. The median age is 35.5 years in India and 53.9 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.80 in India and 1.31 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 75.7 years in India and 87.1 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 3.6% and that of Japan to shrink by 6.5% compared with 2040.

GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2040)

IndiaJapan
Population1.62 billion112.3 million
Aged 0–1420.0%10.4%
Aged 15–6468.9%54.6%
Aged 65+11.0%35.0%
Median age35.5 yrs53.9 yrs
Old-age dependency16.064.1
Total fertility rate1.801.31
Life expectancy75.7 yrs87.1 yrs
Population growth+0.48%-0.65%
Net migration (per year)-399,517+118,186
GDP$3.96T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$2,702 (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.2% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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