China vs China, Taiwan Province of China: population pyramids in 2040
ChinaChina, Taiwan Province of China
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and China, Taiwan Province of China compared
In 2040, China has a population of 1.35 billion and China, Taiwan Province of China 21.3 million; China is about 63 times the size of China, Taiwan Province of China.
The share aged 65 and over is 26.4% in China and 31.2% in China, Taiwan Province of China, 4.8 points higher in China, Taiwan Province of China. The median age is 49.3 years in China and 53.7 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.
The total fertility rate is 1.13 in China and 1.00 in China, Taiwan Province of China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.7 years in China and 83.5 years in China, Taiwan Province of China.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 6.0% and that of China, Taiwan Province of China to shrink by 8.5% compared with 2040.
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2040)
| China | China, Taiwan Province of China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.35 billion | 21.3 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 9.4% | 8.0% |
| Aged 15–64 | 64.3% | 60.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 26.4% | 31.2% |
| Median age | 49.3 yrs | 53.7 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 41.0 | 51.3 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.13 | 1.00 |
| Life expectancy | 81.7 yrs | 83.5 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.50% | -0.75% |
| Net migration (per year) | -206,247 | +6,967 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | — |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | — |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | — |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.