World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

India vs Japan: population pyramids in 1991

1991Swap

IndiaJapan

2%1.5%1%0.5%0%0.5%1%1.5%2%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

India and Japan compared

In 1991, India has a population of 874.5 million and Japan 123.6 million; India is about 7.1 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 4.0% in India and 12.4% in Japan, 8.3 points higher in Japan. The median age is 20.7 years in India and 38.1 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 3.96 in India and 1.50 in Japan, so only Japan is below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 59.0 years in India and 79.3 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 91.8% and that of Japan to shrink by 15.0% compared with 1991.

GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (1991)

IndiaJapan
Population874.5 million123.6 million
Aged 0–1438.5%17.7%
Aged 15–6457.5%69.9%
Aged 65+4.0%12.4%
Median age20.7 yrs38.1 yrs
Old-age dependency7.017.7
Total fertility rate3.961.50
Life expectancy59.0 yrs79.3 yrs
Population growth+2.14%+0.41%
Net migration (per year)-157,911+161,331
GDP$3.96T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$2,702 (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.2% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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