World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

India vs Japan: population pyramids in 2021

2021Swap

IndiaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

India and Japan compared

In 2021, India has a population of 1.41 billion and Japan 125.9 million; India is about 11 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 6.5% in India and 29.0% in Japan, 22.5 points higher in Japan. The median age is 28.2 years in India and 48.9 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 2.01 in India and 1.27 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 67.3 years in India and 84.5 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of India is projected to grow by 19.0% and that of Japan to shrink by 16.6% compared with 2021.

GDP per person is $2,702 in India (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Key figures (2021)

IndiaJapan
Population1.41 billion125.9 million
Aged 0–1426.1%12.2%
Aged 15–6467.4%58.8%
Aged 65+6.5%29.0%
Median age28.2 yrs48.9 yrs
Old-age dependency9.749.3
Total fertility rate2.011.27
Life expectancy67.3 yrs84.5 yrs
Population growth+0.70%-0.56%
Net migration (per year)-348,916-34,996
GDP$3.96T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$2,702 (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.2% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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