World Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids and indicators by country and year日本語

China vs Japan: population pyramids in 2031

2031Swap

ChinaJapan

1%0.75%0.5%0.25%0%0.25%0.5%0.75%1%0102030405060708090100MaleFemale

Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.

China and Japan compared

In 2031, China has a population of 1.4 billion and Japan 119.1 million; China is about 12 times the size of Japan.

The share aged 65 and over is 18.8% in China and 31.2% in Japan, 12.4 points higher in Japan. The median age is 44.2 years in China and 52.6 years in Japan.

The total fertility rate is 1.07 in China and 1.27 in Japan, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 80.0 years in China and 85.9 years in Japan.

By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 9.4% and that of Japan to shrink by 11.8% compared with 2031.

GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $36K in Japan (2025).

Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.

Key figures (2031)

ChinaJapan
Population1.4 billion119.1 million
Aged 0–1411.8%10.3%
Aged 15–6469.4%58.5%
Aged 65+18.8%31.2%
Median age44.2 yrs52.6 yrs
Old-age dependency27.153.4
Total fertility rate1.071.27
Life expectancy80.0 yrs85.9 yrs
Population growth-0.33%-0.62%
Net migration (per year)-222,918+124,022
GDP$19.5T (2025)$4.44T (2025)
GDP per person$14K (2025)$36K (2025)
Unemployment4.6% (2025)2.5% (2025)

Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.

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